Learn How to Use âANDâ â
(Positive Continuity Connector)
1. What âANDâ Does đ§©
Use âandâ to connect an old memory with a recent event when both are positive or related. It shows continuity between what happened in the past and whatâs happening now.
Formula:
[Time indicator + Old memory (Past Simple)] + AND + [Time indicator + Recent memory (Simple Present / Present Perfect / Present Continuous / Present Perfect Continous)
Using AND
(positive continuity)
“Hi everyone! Yesterday, while I was cleaning my room, I found an old photo, and it reminded me of something. Five years ago, I learned how to play the guitar, and now Iâm playing in a small local band. Itâs crazy to think about it, because back then I could only play three chords. Iâve come a long way!”
Example đž
“Five years ago I learned how to play the guitar, and now Iâm playing in a small local band.”
- Old memory (Past Simple): âFive years ago I learned how to play the guitar.â
- Connector: AND â links the old and recent events positively.
- Recent event: âNow Iâm playing in a small local band.â
More Examples â
- “I started reading about photography last year, and recently Iâve bought my first camera.”
- “Ten years ago I watched the World Cup with my family, and this year Iâve watched it again with friends.”
- “Three years ago I wanted to open a bakery, and today Iâm finally working as a chef.”
Vocabulary Booster đ
| Order | Expression | Tense | Meaning/Use | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | ââŠand now I⊠| Present Simple | To show a recent fact or current habit. | âFive years ago I learned to play the guitar, and now I play every weekend.â |
| 2. | ââŠand now Iâm⊠| Present Continuous | To show an action happening right now or ongoing. | âI watched the World Cup in 2014, and now Iâm watching this yearâs games with friends.â |
| 3. | ââŠand now Iâve⊠| Present Perfect | To show a new experience connected to the present. | âI started reading about photography last year, and now Iâve bought my first camera.â |
| 4. | ââŠand now Iâve been⊠| Present Perfect Continuous | To emphasize the duration of a recent action. | âThree months ago I joined a gym, and now Iâve been working out twice a week.â |
| 5. | ââŠand recently Iâve⊠| Present Perfect | To highlight a recent experience. | âI wanted to travel to Mexico, and recently Iâve booked my flights.â |
| 6. | ââŠand today Iâm⊠| Present Continuous | To express something happening right now. | âThree years ago I wanted to open a bakery, and today Iâm working as a chef.â |
| 7. | ââŠand these days I⊠| Present Simple | To talk about a new routine or lifestyle. | âI used to work nights, and these days I work from home during the day.â |
| 8. | ââŠand this year Iâve⊠| Present Perfect | To connect an old event with something new this year. | âTen years ago I visited Tikal, and this year Iâve traveled to another historical site.â |
| 9. | ââŠand next month Iâm⊠| Present Continuous (Future meaning) | To show a planned future action connected to a past event. | âLast summer I went to Antigua, and next month Iâm visiting again with my classmates.â |

