🔹 Present Perfect + Time Markers:
FORMULA:
Subject + have/has + time marker + past participle + complement
🔸 never = at no time in the past
🧩 She has never been to Paris.
🔸 already = before now or earlier than expected
🧩 I have already finished my homework.
🔸 just = a short time ago
🧩 He has just left the office.
🔸 recently = not long ago
🧩 We have recently started a new course.
FORMULA:
Subject + have/has + past participle + complement + time marker
🔸 lately = in the recent past (often used with negatives/questions)
🧩 Have you been sleeping well lately?
FOCUS: SENTENCE STRUCTURE USING TIME EXPRESSIONS
INSTRUCTIONS:
Listen carefully to the sentences and notice where the time expressions (never, already, just, recently, lately) are placed within the present perfect structure. Repeat each sentence, paying close attention to the position of the time expression. Practice until you can confidently use these expressions in the correct place.
NEVER:
| Order | Subject | Auxiliary | NEVER | Past Participle | Complement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | I | have | NEVER | seen | such a beautiful sunset before |
| 2. | She | has | NEVER | traveled | outside the country. |
| 3. | They | have | NEVER | tried | sushi. |
| 4. | We | have | NEVER | met | him in person. |
| 5. | He | has | NEVER | read | that book. |
ALREADY:
| Order | Subject | Auxiliary | ALREADY | Past Participle | Complement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | She | has | ALREADY | finished | her homework |
| 2. | They | have | ALREADY | left | the office |
| 3. | I | have | ALREADY | seen | this movie |
| 4. | We | have | ALREADY | decided | on our vacation destination |
| 5. | He | has | ALREADY | called | to confirm the reservation |
JUST:
| Order | Subject | Auxiliary | JUST | Past Participle | Complement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | I | have | JUST | finished | my lunch |
| 2. | She | has | JUST | called | to say she’s on her way |
| 3. | They | have | JUST | announced | the winter |
| 4. | We | have | JUST | started | the meeting |
| 5. | He | has | JUST | completed | the project |
JUST:
| Order | Subject | Auxiliary | RECENTLY | Past Participle | Complement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | I | have | RECENTLY | started | learning Spanish |
| 2. | She | has | RECENTLY | moved | to a new apartment |
| 3. | They | have | RECENTLY | adopted | a puppy |
| 4. | We | have | RECENTLY | seen | a decrease in sales |
| 5. | He | has | RECENTLY | changed | his diet |
LATELY:
| Order | Subject | Auxiliary | Past Participle | Complement | LATELY |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | I | have | felt | very tired | LATELY |
| 2. | She | has | worked | too hard | LATELY |
| 3. | They | have | traveled | a lot | LATELY |
| 4. | We | have | noticed | some unusual errors | LATELY |
| 5. | He | has | read | more than usual | LATELY |
Page 1
